Computer, Programming,signal Processing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PC, Programming,signal Processing - Essay Example It is discovered that different current sources in the human mind are able to react against comparable EEG. The forward issue and the reverse issue can be diagrammatically spoken to with the assistance of source model having current dipole competent to create neural flows which are constantly discovered restricted in little locales. The electroencephalogram framework comprises of some associating gadgets which are intended to interface with both the scalp of the individual and PC. The procedure occurring in the mind is reflected over the outside of the scalp. This is the motivation behind why anodes and associations are given on the scalp. At that point terminal glue is applied on the scalp and after that cathodes are put on them. The scalp gives data to the little box connected to the PC framework and the entire gadget in the wake of preparing the data sent back to the client. Various neurological wave examples can be gathered with the assistance of this EEG framework. These electrical wave designs creating inside the mind are reflected at the scalp area. These reflections are passed in to the capacity unit of the PC and the cathodes kept on the scalp locale impart signs of voltage varieties to the intensifier. The achievement of this innovation essentially relies upon the situating and creating contact with th e anodes. Because of this explanation cathodes of exceptionally conductive materials like gold or silver chloride are typically utilized. In reality the disclosure of electrical wave design from the mind has occurred just hundred years back and this prompted the application procedure of Brain PC Interface. EEG is an exceptional kind of correspondence media among men and machines which is performed by utilizing the impact of electronic signals on current sources in human mind. The arrangement of correspondence by methods for electronic signs is named as Brain Computer Interface. This is

Strategic Management Analysis of Woolworths- myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theStrategic Management Analysis of Woolworths for HomeShop. Answer: Presentation Woolworths is an association of Australian beginning which works in the business of markets. The chain of grocery stores is possessed by Woolworths Limited and it was established in the year 1924. The association for the most part has practical experience in the selling of staple goods, magazines, magnificence and wellbeing items, family unit items, child items and pet items. Woolworths works around 1000 stores all over Australia and 19 extra comfort stores also. The association has had the option to procure around 80% of the whole market of Australia. Woolworths has likewise begun its online activities which is additionally known by the name of HomeShop (Woolworths.com.au 2018). The three significant key execution markers or needs of Woolworths are, The positive culture in the stores of Woolworths and the giving significant levels of client support. The consumer loyalty levels are a piece of the motivating force designs that are given to workers. The organization intends to produce the force of deals in the food related area. Woolworths is additionally intending to bring down the costs of its items with the goal that they can draw in more clients. The steady promoting foundation of Woolworths has helped the organization in expanding its incomes. The procedure of human capital administration is live in the stores of Woolworths. The improvement of start to finish process has likewise improved the presentation of Woolworths (Albrecht, Holland Peters, 2016). Inner condition investigation The assets, center abilities and capacities of Woolworths Assets The significant assets of Woolworths principally incorporate the representatives of the association who are answerable for giving the most elevated levels of fulfillment to the clients. The stock that is controlled by the organization and the appropriation related abilities of Woolworths will additionally go about as the most significant asset for Woolworths (Chatzoglou et al., 2017). Center skills The center capabilities of Woolworths incorporate the world-class flexibly chain of the association and ways by which it diminishes the hour of creation. The brand esteem and the market position of Woolworths has helped the association in increasing a feasible situation in the market. The advancement related capacities of Woolworths has additionally been useful in making a serious situation in the market. The deals and showcasing related abilities of Woolworths are likewise a piece of the center skills of the association (Cosic, Shanks Maynard, 2015). Abilities The capacities of an association are fundamentally identified with the coordination of assets by placing them into utilization. Woolworths has been maintaining its business activities effectively since the hour of its origin in the year 1924. This delineates Woolworths has the abilities to utilize the assets in a viable and proficient way (Gereffi Lee, 2016). VRIO Analysis VRIO investigation is a systematic device which is utilized to assess the interior assets that are controlled by an association. The instrument primarily investigations the abilities of the association and the upper hand or the shortcomings of the organization in the business. The different kinds of assets that are broke down with the assistance of VRIO system are monetary assets, material assets, HR and non-material assets. VRIO is the truncation that is utilized for four specific factor of investigation which are, esteem, rareness, imitability and association (Knott, 2015). Worth Woolworths has high an incentive in the retail market and it has a solid worldwide nearness too. The worldwide nearness and brand estimation of the organization is viewed as one of its most significant resources. This has helped the association in expanding its size, piece of the overall industry and deals in the business. Woolworths has been working in the Australian market for a long time which has empowered the association to increase a situation in the business and make its own worth (Lin Tsai, 2016). Uncommon Woolworths is for the most part known in the Australian market for the creation and flexibly of new food things. Manty different associations in the market likewise guarantee to give these items, anyway Woolworths has had the option to increase a trust in the brains of Australian residents with respect to the nature of its items. Numerous items that are offered by Woolworths in the market are uncommon in nature and are not handily found in the stores of different associations. The wide scope of items that are offered by Woolworths are a significant preferred position that is picked up by the organization in the business (Lin Wu, 2014). Imitability The incomes that are created by Woolworths and the position that the association hold in the market has been interesting in nature. The contenders of the organization in the Australian retail advertise like. Coles, Distributors and Aldi have not been fruitful in impersonating the organization in the entirety of its viewpoints and increase a serious situation in the market. This has given Woolworths a shield from getting completely imitated by different organizations in the market. Association Woolworths has been exploiting the capacities and the center abilities that it has. The organization has in excess of 300 stores in whole Australia and New Zealand and utilizes in excess of 1,00,000 individuals in the entirety of its branches, stores and offices. The development related abilities of the organization have likewise been useful in making a solid picture of its image (Los, Timmer Vries, 2015). Worth chain investigation of Woolworths Woolworths has had the option to make an important situation in the market with the assistance of its different worth chain related exercises that are talked about further, Inbound coordinations The providers of Woolworths are spread in a huge number of organizations on a worldwide stage. The association is intensely subject to its providers to pick up the best items that can be provided to the clients. The administration costs of the items are simpler for Walmart as it buys items in mass from the providers. The organization can apply pressure on the providers dependent on the money related situation of the business in the business (Schroeder Kotlarsky, 2015). Activities Woolworths has its tasks in the retail area and this industry has been developing consistently for a long time. Woolworths has likewise had the option to grow its activities and incomes with the assistance of its broad tasks in all the business sectors. Outbound coordinations The center of the stock administration related strategy of Woolworths is identified with the fruitful administration of its flexibly chain related exercises. The items are conveyed by the providers to the stores in such a way along these lines, that the costs identified with these exercises are low. The items are recharged on a prompt way with the goal that the clients don't need to hang tight for quite a while (Taglioni Winkler, 2016). Deals and advertising The evaluating methodology of Woolworths is viewed as the key component identified with the accomplishment of its showcasing exercises. The organization has been putting a ton in the showcasing exercises and advances its brands with the assistance of a wide range of promoting channels. Innovation Woolworths has utilized innovation to improve the disconnected or store deals related procedures. The online procedures have additionally been improved by building up the site of the organization and including more highlights (Xu et al., 2016). Human asset the board Woolworths has been fruitful in making a representative base which comprises of the best of individuals. The enlistment procedure of the organization is straightforward in nature and the competitors are treated in a reasonable way. Acquisition The obtainment and flexibly chain related exercises of Woolworths have effective in nature. The organization has acquainted a world-class approach with deal with the gracefully chain exercises and offer the items to the clients in time. Foundation Woolworths has a gigantic framework which incorporates the different divisions like, HR, gracefully chain and some more. The administration of representatives of Woolworths is additionally acted in a proficient and fruitful way (Schroeder Kotlarsky, 2015). Hierarchical culture The authoritative culture of Woolworths comprises of two central point which are uprightness and difficult work. The organization follows a rational culture where the workers praise the estimations of the association which are family-accommodating in nature. The business activities are basically driven by the clients and their needs and requests. The clients are consistently at the core of the choices that are made by the organization (Woolworths.com.au, 2018). Key issues in Woolworths The major key issue that was looked by Woolworths in the ongoing years was identified with the significant expenses of the items when contrasted with its rivals. The organization had been indicating moderate development because of the costs that had been chosen for its items in the market. The organization has changed its procedure of focussing on momentary benefits and have had the option to forfeit these benefits for long haul benefit development. The alcohol and food business of the organization has not indicated development in the ongoing occasions which has additionally prompted changes in the authority and the executives (Schroeder Kotlarsky, 2015). End The report can be closed by expressing that Woolworths has been fruitful in the retail market of Australia and New Zealand. The inside assets of the association have been broke down dependent on VRIO and Value chain system. The investigation has delineated that Woolworths has gigantic capacities and assets to develop in the retail market and increment its global nearness also. The organization has anyway confronted some key issues that the administration has attempted to comprehend to build the incomes in the market. References Albrecht, C., Holland, D., Peters, M. (2016). Key income analysis.Strategic Direction,32(7)

Meaning of a Bad Trip

Meaning of a Bad Trip Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Print What Is a Bad Trip? Psychedelic drugs can induce fear or distress By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 23, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 13, 2020 PeopleImages / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery A trip is a period of intoxication from a hallucinogenic drug, such as lysergic acid (LSD) or magic mushrooms (psilocybin). It is called a trip because your perceptions of the world change so dramatically, it can feel as if you have taken a trip to a strange, new land. You hope that it will be a pleasant experience, and it might be, but it can quickly turn unpleasant, and sometimes, it is unpleasant from the beginning. This unpleasant experience of hallucinogen intoxication is known as a bad trip. It is common for occasional unpleasant sensations, hallucinations, and thoughts to occur during a trip, and this does not necessarily mean you are having a bad trip. These experiences can sometimes seem interesting or funny, rather than upsetting or frightening, and they can pass quite quickly. Having a bad trip can possibly be averted by the presence of a good friend, and by avoiding people or places that you usually find upsetting. But again, there is no guarantee that this will keep a trip goodâ€"one of the characteristics of hallucinogenic drugs is that they can cause you to see and think about the world in a very different way from how you usually do, so the previously trusted friend can quickly change and appear to be deceitful, mean-spirited, even evil. One of the earliest documented bad trips was reported by Albert Hofmann, the chemist who discovered LSD. He had started experiencing a bad trip, and in an attempt to soothe himself, requested some milk from his next-door neighbor, who appeared to have become a malevolent, insidious witch.?? Are Some People or Types of Drugs Exempt From Bad Trips? When people first start experimenting with psychedelic drugs, they sometimes go through a honeymoon period when they believe all trips are good. They might believe that they are safe from bad trips, that bad trips only happen to people with the wrong attitude, or that even that bad trips are a myth dreamed up by the establishment to try and discourage people from becoming enlightened or having a good time. Another common mistake is to believe that taking the drug with friends or a guide will prevent a bad trip. None of these beliefs are correctâ€"although sometimes they can provide a false sense of security and a carefree attitude that can help keep the mood positive. However, the more times you take psychedelic drugs, the more likely you are to eventually have a bad trip, which could even include thinking the very same safe people can no longer be trusted.?? If this happens, it can be upsetting both for the person experiencing it, and for their companions, who can feel powerless to help. Some psychedelic drug users believe that bad trips can happen with a drug such as acid or PCP, but not from taking certain other safe drugs, such as ecstasy or magic mushrooms. Sadly, many drug users dont know what a bad trip is until they have one, so it is helpful to know ahead of time what you could experience, and what you should do if you have a bad trip or one of your friends does. Unfortunately, there are no safe drugs that are guaranteed to give you a good time, all the time, so taking ecstasy or magic mushrooms can give you a bad trip. In fact, all psychedelic or hallucinogenic drugs can cause a bad trip, and other drugs, such as weed (marijuana) and cocaine, can also produce intense, distressing effects, even in people who usually have a good time when intoxicated from these substances. Signs and Symptoms of a Bad Trip Bad trips vary a great deal, from mild to intense, and can range from upsetting and overwhelming thoughts to frightening hallucinations and delusions that can lead to accidents.?? Incidentally, accidents that occur under the influence of hallucinogens can also happen as the result of delusions that are not part of a bad trip -- people occasionally develop delusional beliefs that can lead them into danger, such as believing that they can fly or that they can safely climb to dangerous heights, or that running into traffic is not dangerous. These kinds of delusions are unusual, but serious injuries and deaths have happened in these situations, and it is impossible to predict how a hallucinogen will affect you.?? A bad trip is a highly individual experience, but these are some aspects that are often described by people who have had a bad trip: Time Dilation This is the experience of time standing still. This can make it feel as if the other unpleasant aspects of the trip will never end. Tip: If someone is having a bad trip, it can be reassuring to tell them it wont go on forever, even if they feel as if it will. Negative Reinterpretations and Paranoia Previously positive or neutral interpretations of life or relationships can suddenly become negative. Someone having a bad trip might feel that their life is worthless, that they or someone else they normally feel fine about is bad or acting against them, or that the whole world is bad or corrupt. These feelings can be all-consuming and can cause the person having a bad trip to panic and try and get away from the people around them. Tip: Generally, it is unwise to allow someone who is having a bad trip to go off on their own, but be aware that acting confrontational or following them may increase their feelings of antagonism or paranoia. Try to have a trusted friend accompany them, saying they want to help them stay safe. However, a stranger who comes across as caring, genuine and calm may be more acceptable. Although involving police or medical personnel may be highly upsetting for someone having a bad trip, it is preferable to having them hurt themselves. Hallucinations Most of the hallucinations that people have while tripping take the form of visual distortionsâ€"such as walls breathing, colored or geometric formations, or illusions.?? Sometimes these distortions are extremely vivid, such as a familiar persons face morphing into that of a demon. Occasionally, hallucinations take the form of seeing beings or objects that dont even exist. Tip: Usually, people who are tripping are aware that these hallucinations are the effects of a drug, and can be reassured that what they are seeing is part of the trip. Mood Swings Your mood can change dramatically when you are tripping, and feelings of sadness and despair can reach new depths, while anxiety can quickly develop into panic.?? Tip: Although acts of violence or self-harm are unusual while tripping, tell someone as soon as possible if you are having any thoughts about harming yourself or someone else -- you are not thinking clearly and indulging in these thoughts may have regrettable consequences. If someone else who is tripping seems at risk of harming themselves or someone else, get help immediately. Call 911 if necessary. How to Stop a Bad Trip Although it is not possible to switch off the effects of hallucinogenic drugs, a bad trip can be transformed into a more positive experience if the person having the trip is open to being supported or comforted. Often, lying down and listening to soothing music in the presence of a calm support person can help. The most intense period of the trip typically occurs from one hour to three hours after the drug is consumed, so time will usually ease the most intense aspects of the trip, but the effects will often continue for an additional six to twelve hours after that, during which time the person will not be able to sleep.?? If the person is open to receiving medical help, which they may be if they think the intensely unpleasant aspects of the trip could be alleviated, you could accompany them to a walk-in clinic or the emergency room. There may be medical interventions that could help.?? However, never attempt to self-medicate by taking other drugsâ€"this is risky and could worsen the effects of the trip or cause drug interactions. It can also lead to developing problems with other drugs taken in an attempt to calm down, such as heroin. The best way to avoid a bad trip is to not take hallucinogenic drugs. While you may be intrigued by the idea of tripping, there is a reason that people dont usually take them for longâ€"sooner or later, they usually have a bad trip, and never want to repeat the experience. So my best advice is to ignore peer pressure, dont take psychedelic drugs, and that way, they wont give you a bad trip.

Mobile Access System Plan for Indian Railway System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2231 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category IT Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Assignment Title à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Mobile Access System Plan for Indian Railway System .Word Count: 1500 LETTER FOR TRANSMITTAL April 02, 2015 Mr. John Smith, CEO Indian Railway Dear Sir: Below is the report on IT restructure to include secure mobile integrated access to various reservation services in stages as requested in a letter from the Registrar to me on March 15th. As you will see, mobile access systems can be incorporated with a range of features and is being implemented by Railway Information Systems. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mobile Access System Plan for Indian Railway System" essay for you Create order I have carefully researched this emerging mobile market.My report first identifies the objective and benefits of mobile access systems. I have then compared the top four operating systems.Finally, my conclusions and recommendations identify the best mobile access system hardware and software solutions for Indian Railway within the specified limitations. Thank you, Mr. Smith and Team, for the opportunity to prepare this report. Please contact me for any further information. I hope you will think of me for your future research needs. Sincerely, Bincy Gijo Information Systems Consultant EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The passenger reservation system is one of the important online reservations in Indian Railway. The use of mobile and wireless technology to meet organization needs and goals is top priority among the globe. My report deals with a Mobile Access System plan for various reservation systems in Indian Railway. This consists of two key components Passenger Mobile Access System and Wireless Mobile Access System. It is designed to benefit different stakeholders. This report has been divided into stages to ensure appropriate feedback is given at each stage and also due to costs involved. It is necessary to create agreement among stakeholders about the need of these tools to enhance efficiency. TABLE OF CONTENTS LETTER FOR TRANSMITTAL3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS6 BACKGROUND 6 INTRODUCTION6 1. DEPLOYMENT OF CONSUMER MOBILE ACCESS SYSTEM PLAN7 1.1 Business Goals7 1.2 Technical Goals7 1.3 Access to Various Operating Systems8 2. DEPLOYMENT OF WIRELESS ACCESS SYSTEM PLAN8 2.1 Business Goals8 2.2 Technical Goals9 2.3 Access to Various Operating Systems9 3. SECURITY 9 3.1Concerns10 3.2Potential Solutions10 4. PROVISIONAL LIST OF EXPENSE ITEMS11 5. CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION12 6. REFERENCES13 LIST OF ASSUMPTIONS Indian Railway is the third largest railway network in the world which connected to East, West, North, South and Central Zones and serves over 50 million passengers every day. Online Reservation and Mobile Tracking Services allow all major stakeholders secure access to relevant information to manage and improve outcomes. The passenger reservation system was known the name Integrated Multi-train Passenger Reservation System (IMPRESS) which could switch the functional necessities of reservation, accounting, enquiry and charting. The mobile access scheme is user-friendly and secure, as no print out is essential. Business System Plan needs to include implementation of Mobile Access Systems. BACKGROUND Railway Information System has been delegated with the job of developing, executing, and maintaining integrated IT applications for the Indian Railways (IR).It includes information from various departments like Reservation, seat availability, Confirmation, Cancellation, and Schedule. Most railways have increased their spending on IT for centralized systems and electronic records that benefit the passengers and Railway Industry. There is a great need to provide secure mobile access to passengers and staff. INTRODUCTION Mobile Phones have become known as one of the most hastily scattering technologies over the last decade. This has altering the people lives style predominantly, within the context of developing countries (Ezenwa Brooks 2014, p. 1). The growth of mobile device usage as compared to stationary web has triggered many firms to develop mobile interfaces for customers to access their services securely. (Gafni Barak, 2013) .Indian Railway is in a need to develop its IT system to include secure mobile access to its passengers via a more integrated passenger reservation mobile application. Nowadays all the queries like Train Alert, PNR Status, Train status, Seat availability, Train schedule, Train Information and Train Time Table obtainable on the Indian railway web siteare accessible on your mobile phone through SMS. Wireless networks are exposed to attacks as compared to wired network as anyone can access it and that is why it is crucial to have a secure system in place. (Vargic, Kotuliak, VrÃÆ' ¡bel, HusÃÆ' ¡k, 2013). We will access the passenger Mobile Access System Plan and the Wireless Access System Plan in depth. 1. DEPLOYMENT OF PASSENGER MOBILE ACCESS SYSTEM PLAN 1.1 Business Goals Mobile Access System will enhance passenger experience and reduce costs. It will increase Railway related information and help in social support. The plan is to target all Railway travellers and provide secure access about their Individual Journey details. Key functions of the mobile portal can be implemented in stages as per below. Stage 1: The passenger will be able to view individual Reservation cum-journey tickets, Cancellation/Modification tickets, Reservation Charts and Daily Terminal Cash Summary, edit personal details and emergency contact details. The traveller will also get access to various informationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s like Schedule, Time delay, Train status and Seat availability. Stage 2: The passenger will get automatic sms updates about upcoming schedule, special discount reminders, seat availability, Cancellation of train and Tatkal service. Stage 3: The passenger will be able to send emails to the Indian Railway Department about any query regarding Train Information and complaints. Stage 4: The passenger will be able to video chat with Railway Engineers. This phase will incorporate Mobile telecommunication which will enable travellers to send images etc. to communicate. The Benefit would be increased efficiency resulting in quality service at no additional cost to the customer. 1.2 Technical Goals Indian Railway aims to provide high performance standard. The system will be designed for fault tolerance and the capacity to exceed projected user loads and overall system performance should meet requirements. The system will be capable of load balancing. This will result in failure detection and redirection of users to backup modules 1.3 Access to Various Operating Systems There are various mobile phones available in the market. We will access the major operating systems available and its version. Table 1.3.a Mobile Phone Operating System Version Apple,Inc iOS iOS 6 Open Handset Alliance /Google Android Jelly Bean BlackBerry Ltd BlackBerry OS Blackberry OS 7.1 Nokia Symbian OS BELLE Nokia Lumia 800 Windows Windows 7 SamsungWave 3 Bada Bada 2.0.5 Hp WebOS Hp Touch Pad 3. SECURITY The Integrity, availability and confidentiality of the information need to be guaranteed when the information has been captured, stored and maintained in a database (Adesina et al. 2011). Parameters like password protection, network requirements, synch, backup and recovery are extremely important for mobile access security. Devices should have proper anti-virus and firewall options so that data is secure. In order to protect passengerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s privacy, messages should be encoded and only those with access to system can view them. 3.1 Concerns Hackers can attack Railway network and systems and mobile phones. They could extract passwords and sensitive information of passengers and railway Information records. They could install malware and other virus that can permanently damage records. Unlike the PC world, mobile world uses various operating systems and numerous platforms and thus at high risk.(Leavitt, 2013) 3.2 Potential Solutions Mobile Security Risk Assessment: To scrutinize external IP address and scan firewall penetration. IT Governance Committee: To set policies and procedures with reference to mobile access, data storage on mobile devices, transmission within mobile devices, Loss or theft of devices, Audits etc. Digital Watermarking is the method of embedding data into a multimedia entity, such that the watermark can be discovered or extracted later without harming the object (Adesina et al. 2011). Training Program: To train employees about policy and procedures. Measures to prevent unauthorized usage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Set up a real time monitoring system. Audits of mobile devices. Data Backup and automatic update of security patches. (Green, 2013) (Ghallali et al., 2013) 4. RESOURCES Below is the list of resources while planning the project: Development Resources: These resources necessitate initially designing and implementing the system. Graphic Designers Software Developers Testing Specialists Human Resources Business Analysts Database Administrators Software and Interfaces in-order to configure the environment Software License Hardware used by developers Testing Components Deployment Resources: Once the implementation is completed these resources Data Connectivity related resources Training Staff Operations Resources: These resources need for on-going maintenance of the system Data and Communication Service Server Management and Hosting Server Call Centre Support Staff 5. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES Various types of cost and benefits are available to planning the project such as Direct cost, Indirect cost and intangible cost. Defining a work plan finalized in collaboration with project team (Grevendonk, Taliesin Brigden 2013) .Railway manager will responsible of supervising the timeline, budget, quality and potential risks (Grevendonk, Taliesin Brigden 2013).Below table shows how much cost should be add to implement mobile access to reservation system in Indian Railway. Table 5a Table 5b 6. RECOMMENDATION Mobile technology will bypass conventional communication systems and allow passengers to communicate over great areas. Data is vital hence it is always recommends to maintain a security and privacy of the passengers data and as well as availability of the data (Adesina et al. 2011). Feedback and constant monitoring will enhance the mobile access system. Timely surveys and surveillance will ensure smooth operations. 7. CONCLUSION Implementing a Mobile accessible Railway Information System is very complex task in real world scenario. Although there had been many research findings, before applying those theories it is best practice to apply most significant theories. With the evolving technology in the future, we can build up a more sophisticated system in order to support railway information system. The most significant factor is data used by the passengers and user. It is recommended that both railway passengers and user have confidence in confidentiality and the integrity of the information and data and the protection of the broadcast channels (Adesina et al. 2011). 8. REFERENCES: Adesina, AO, Agbele, KK, Februarie, R, Abidoye, AP Nyongesa, HO 2011, Ensuring the security and privacy of information in mobile health-care communication systems, South African Journal of Science, vol. 107, no. 9/10, pp. 26-32, EBSCOhost, a9h, item: 69955854. Ezenwa, C Brooks, L 2014, Understanding the Introduction and Use of a Mobile Device-Supported Health Information System in Nigeria, The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 1-20, viewed 04 April 2014, https://www.ejisdc.org/ojs2/index.php/ejisdc/article/view/1290/515. Gafni, R., Barak, O. (2013). Exploring the Addition of Mobile Access to a Healthcare Services Website. Issues in Informing Science Information Technology, 10, 163-174. Green, H. (2013). strategies for safeguarding security of mobile computing. hfm (Healthcare Financial Management), 67(2), 88-94. Grevendonk, J, Taliesin, B Brigden, D 2013, Planning an Information Systems Project A Toolkit for Public Health Managers,PATH Publications, USA, viewed 04 April 2014, https://www.path.org/publications/files/TS_opt_ict_toolkit.pdf. Leavitt, N. (2013). Todays Mobile Security Requires a New Approach. Computer, 46(11), 16-19. doi: 10.1109/MC.2013.400 Vargic, R., Kotuliak, I., VrÃÆ' ¡bel, A., HusÃÆ' ¡k, F. (2013). Provisioning of VoIP services for mobile subscribers using WiFi access network. Telecommunication Systems, 52(3), 1705-1711. doi: 10.1007/s11235-011-9662-6 Kumar, A., Gadgil, A., Satapathy, A., Upadhyayula, R., Prabhudesai, S., Indian Railways IT Interface, IIMA Research and Publications, 2001. Railway Audit Report, Chapter 1Computerized Passenger Reservation System of the Indian Railways, Report No 11 of 2007 Karikari, I Stillwell, J 2005, Applying cost/benefit analysis to evaluate investment in GIS:the case of Ghanaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Lands Commission Secretariat, Accra, Transactions in GIS, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 489à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"505 Mitri, M Cole, C 2007, Teaching case: a systems analysis role play case: we sell stuff, inc., Journal of Information System Education, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 163à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"8 1) Anupama, R., Pahwa, M. (2013). Hospita l Information Management Systems (HIMS) -A Study of Efficacy in Indian Scenario. Amity Management Review, 3(1), 40-49. 2) Arya, B., Glickstein, J. S., Levasseur, S. M., Williams, I. A. (2013). Parents of Children with Congenital Heart Disease Prefer More Information than Cardiologists Provide. Congenital Heart Disease, 8(1), 78-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-0803.2012.00706.x 3) Boruff, J. T. S. D. (2014). Mobile devices in medicine: a survey of how medical students, residents, and faculty use smartphones and other mobile devices to find information. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 102(1), 22-30. doi: 10.3163/1536-5050.102.1.006 4) Gafni, R., Barak, O. (2013). Exploring the Addition of Mobile Access to a Healthcare Services Website. Issues in Informing Science Information Technology, 10, 163-174. 5) Ghallali, M., El Mir, A., El Ouahidi, B., Bounabat, B., El Hami, N., Elmir, B. (2013). MOBILE SECURITY: DESIGNING A NEW FRAMEWORK LIMITING MALWARE SPREAD IN THE MOBI LE CLOUD COMPUTING. Journal of Theoretical Applied Information Technology, 57(3), 354-366. 6) Green, H. (2013). strategies for safeguarding security of mobile computing. hfm (Healthcare Financial Management), 67(2), 88-94. 7) Leavitt, N. (2013). Todays Mobile Security Requires a New Approach. Computer, 46(11), 16-19. doi: 10.1109/MC.2013.400 8) Vargic, R., Kotuliak, I., VrÃÆ' ¡bel, A., HusÃÆ' ¡k, F. (2013). Provisioning of VoIP services for mobile subscribers using WiFi access network. Telecommunication Systems, 52(3), 1705-1711. doi: 10.1007/s11235-011-9662-6 9) Comparison of mobile operating systems Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). RetrievedApril9, 2014, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_operating_systems 10)VM Electronic Health Records: Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security, Sep 12 Virtual Mentor. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://virtualmentor.ama-assn.org/2012/09/stas1-1209.html 11) Apple iPad Compare iPad models. (n.d .). Retrieved from https://www.apple.com/nz/ipad/compare/ ref Kumar, A., Gadgil, A., Satapathy, A., Upadhyayula, R., Prabhudesai, S., Indian Railways IT Interface, IIMA Research and Publications, 2001. Railway Audit Report, Chapter 1Computerized Passenger Reservation System of the Indian Railways, Report No 11 of 2007. https://borjournals.com/Research_papers/Jun_2013/1356IT.pdf https://www.indianrail.gov.in/rtsms.pdf https://www.hitachi.com/rev/pdf/2005/r2005_04_101.pdf https://www.icisa.cag.gov.in/Printed reports/Union Report/Ministry of Railways/IT Audit of Indian Railways Passenger reservation System.pdf https://www.shoutmeloud.com/top-mobile-os-overview.html

Finding Forest Land for Sale

Buying your first forested property can quickly turn into a nightmare. You can make the process much easier if you develop a plan using the following tips. Its also a good idea to use available legal and technical professionals as your budget allows. Foresters, lawyers, and accountants will help you ensure that the property is what you really want and that you are legally protected after all transactions are nailed down. Finding a Timber Market Value All you really have to do is find out what the property is worth and how much you are willing to spend to acquire the property. Alas, the devil in these details! Finding a fair market value for land and timber and knowing what you have to pay for the property isnt always easy—and they may not necessarily be the same. Land and permanent property appraisals may be separate from a timber appraisal. Initially, you need to brush up on tree measuring and selling of timber on the property to be appraised. The timber value can, in very few cases, be as much or more than the land value, and so its extremely important that it be assessed. A forestry novice will be quite lost without putting in some minimum study time and should find a forestry professional to determine the approximate value of the timber. Finding a Fair Market Property Value The next step is to put a value on the property and determine the amount you are willing to spend. You first start by verifying that the seller has what he or she says. This means researching bare-land values and performing a  timber analysis to determine volumes and values. Also, you need to explore what costs and revenues you will incur as you manage the property. This includes taxes, timber sales/management expenses, and hazard risks. A land appraiser who is also a forester should be consulted. Putting It All Together The biggest question to ask yourself when buying property is what you can afford to spend on land and trees. There are many formulas that can assist you, but the main questions are the following: What is the competition for your particular property type? Competition,  which equals demand, can influence your final offer,Where is the property situated in terms of access and timber markets and what amenities does the forest offer—including ponds or lakes, hunting, and other forms of real or potential forest recreation potential. Remember the old real estate adage—location, location, location!What is the current price for property in the area? You must know what others are paying for similar types of property. Why the seller is selling is a reasonable question to ask and often influences price.According to expert Mark Bice, RMS Inc., knowing why a seller sells can be beneficial. Various reasons including divorce, estate taxes, and death will encourage a quick and reasonable sale.

The Life Of President Lincoln - 926 Words

Ben Garner Mr.Tapie Social Studies – Period 7 21 May 2015 The Life of President Lincoln President Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, is often spoke of in a serious manner, being that during his presidency a civil war took place, slaves were freed, a president openly wanted blacks and women to have rights, and many other things that seem utterly ridiculous, for the time period in which they took place. However, there is another side of Lincoln that is rarely focused on, who Lincoln was as a person. His personality, his life. This is the story of Abraham (No middle name) Lincoln. To begin, some background knowledge and information about Lincoln should be discussed. First, Lincoln was born February 12, 1809 in rural Kentucky. Now, some interesting facts about Lincoln, he battled depression most of his life, Lincoln although never really stated what he identified as, it was believed that he was an agnostic or at most a deist, but did not identify to any particular religion, and he did not drink, chew tobacco, or smoke. To begin Lincoln’s early life, he had a poor relationship with his father after his mother died. He believed his father lacked ambition and regarded him as anti-intellectual. His father represented the things Lincoln wanted to get away from. In spring of 1831 Lincoln left his parents (father and stepmother) to try to make a life for himself. He was a popular young man, a likeable person in general; in his young age LincolnShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Lincoln The President that was murdered because he forever freed the slaves in 1863 is how many people in today’s society remember the sixteenth president of the United States of America. 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The president requested his presence immediately to WashingtonRead MoreLeadership Skills And Qualities Of President Abraham Lincoln936 Words   |  4 PagesThe President that was murdered because he forever freed the slaves in 1863 is how many people in today s society remember the sixteenth president of the United States of America. President Abraham Lincoln leadership qualities and accomplishments go far beyond that life altering proclamation. American educator Dr. Stephen Covey states, â€Å"Always surround yourself with people who are even more talented and competent than you† This quote is relevant to the leadership skills and qualities of PresidentRead MoreWhy Did John Wilkes Booth Killed President Abraham Lincoln876 Words   |  4 PagesWhen John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Abraham Lincoln, it was a life changing event for the whole country. It took many days for the country to know that Abraham Lincoln had been assassinated. Then, everyone wanted to know why. Why did John Wilkes Booth assassinate Lincoln? Did he do it to be evil or did it for a specific reason? The fact that John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln was unexpected. He was a famous actor that had no criminal background. Nobody had any clue why he chose to doRead MoreLincoln s Impact On The Civil War1542 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln Research Paper Who was the Greatest President that ever lived! Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln was a very well respected man at an early age. He worked hard most of his life and worked hard in law, and as a president to keep our nation in one during the Civil War. He had the mindset to get where he needed to go. He lived a long and resentful life full of problems that he fixed. Lincoln’s early life, Lincoln enters presidency, Lincoln’s impact on the Civil War as a president, Lincoln’sRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : Heroes Serve Powers Or Principles Larger Than Themselves952 Words   |  4 Pagessomething that they believe in. 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In the beginning of the book, McGovern recounts Lincoln’s life as aRead MoreThe Year Long Period Of Social Unrest1747 Words   |  7 PagesWilkes Booth, the ideal situation to take action. The sixteenth president of the United States of America and the leader of the Union during Civil War, Abraham Lincoln, was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, an actor pursuing the revival of the confederacy and the total destruction of the Union. Abraham Lincoln was known to be a hard working, driven man which led him into politics and eventually presidency. Throughout his childhood, Lincoln had grown up in very rural areas and knew of nothing other thanRead MoreLincoln s Impact On The Civil War1564 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln Research Paper During the Civil War, was Abraham Lincoln the cause or the cure? Abraham Lincoln, the man that hit right path toward life while earning respect. He worked hard most of his life and at law, and as a president to keep our nation in one during the Civil War. He had the mindset to get where he needed to go. He lived a long and resentful life full of problems that he fixed. Lincoln’s early life, Lincoln enters presidency, Lincoln’s impact on the Civil War as a president, Lincoln’sRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1486 Words   |  6 PagesWhy is Abraham Lincoln such an amazing person? Who is he? What did he do to change America for the better? Almost everyone should know about Lincoln. Lincoln was not the man everyone thought was fit for the job, they all thought he was less than what he was. Lincoln showed them that he is one of the best presidents America has had. There is a chance America could still have slavery in the country if Lincoln did not step in and start to end slavery. Lincoln was a big part of this countries history

Consumer Preferences Company Advertising or Online Reviews

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Preferences Company Advertising or Online Reviews. Answer: Customer buying decisions are often influenced by both company advertising and online reviews. For some personal reasons, customers tend to show preference to one at the expense of the other. This paper seeks to identify what consumers trust the most. I order to make an accurate conclusion; I will make use of both qualitative and quantitative data. This will help to determine the most preferred without any bias. Advertising is a marketing approach which entails efforts made by a specific company to promote its goods or services. In advertising, the company creates audio or visual messages which are delivered to the public. The company pays for these services, and they are non-personal. These messages are communicated through newspapers, magazines, journals, radios, televisions, text messages, websites, blogs and the popular social media platforms. Advertisements are known to persuade customers into buying goods and services even at inflated prices[1]. Think of that product which is always on the television screen, every radio channel is talking about it, and you have seen it in several magazines. Who would not pay attention to this and even go an extra mile to buy it? Individuals tend to be convinced that these are the best products and often prefer them to the products which are never advertised. We tend to trust these products more especially when they feature in our favorite channels or magazines. Online reviews refer to the comments made by individuals outside the business institution. In most cases, these comments are written by customers after using the product in question[2].Reviews are based on the user experiences and may either be positive or negative. Negative comments put off some potential customers while positive ones attract more customers which translate to higher sales. According to a survey conducted by Bright Local in 2014, ninety percent consumers read online reviews and eighty-eight percent of them trust online reviews[3]. Positive reviews act as convincing agents who attract more customers. Reviews and ratings help consumers to make decisions faster and with more confidence especially if the comments are bound to experience. However, online reviews are not very efficient to be relied on. They influence customer preferences and personal decisions. Similarly, they may lead to delayed purchasing as one needs to consider a range of online reviews to make a decision. Both advertisements and online reviews are market trends aimed at improving sales by seeking attention from the public. A major difference between the two is the source whereby advertisements are by the business itself while online reviews are by customers. The degree of preference of the two by customers is however different. In the contemporary status, online reviews tend to be gaining popularity as compared to advertisements. This is prompted by the improved technology. Buyers are moved by the comments made by experienced users of a given product. They are quite certain that if the product worked best for a given customer, it would be good for them. The heightening popularity of the online review platforms also describes the increasing use of online reviews to determine to buy [4]. The internet provides a common space for interaction among consumers which influences both consumer behaviors and company sales. References Anderson, M. (2014, July 7). 88% Of Consumers Trust Online Reviews As Much As Personal Recommendations. Retrieved April 18, 2017, from Third Door Media: searchengineland.com/88-consumers-trust-online-reviews-much-personal-recommendations-195803 Ho-Dac, N., Carson, S., Moore, W. (2013). The Effects of Positive and Negative Online Customer Reviews: DO. Journal of Marketing, 15(34), 1-30. Lpez, M., Sicilia, M. (2014). Determinants of E-WOM Influence: The Role of Consumers Internet Experience. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 9(1), 28-43. Thompson, D., Malaviya, P. (2013). Consumer-Generated Ads: Does Awareness of Advertising Co-Creation Heip or HurtPersuasion? Journal of Marketing, 77(13), 33-47. Thompson, D., Malaviya, P. (2013). Consumer-Generated Ads: Does Awareness of Advertising Co-Creation Heip or HurtPersuasion? Journal of Marketing, 77 (13), 33-47. Ho-Dac, N., Carson, S., Moore, W. (2013). The Effects of Positive and Negative Online Customer Reviews:Journal of Marketing, 15 (34), 1-30. Anderson, M. (2014, July 7). 88% Of Consumers Trust Online Reviews As Much As Personal Recommendations. Retrieved April 18, 2017, from Third Door Media: searchengineland.com/88-consumers-trust-online-reviews-much-personal-recommendations-195803 Lpez, M., Sicilia, M. (2014). Determinants of E-WOM Influence: The Role of Consumers Internet Experience. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 9 (1), 28-43.

A Misleading Trip to the Gym essays

A Misleading Trip to the Gym essays In common nomenclature, the words vanity and pride carry something of a negative connotation. None will admit to possessing these characteristics in fear that they may be seen as a selfish person, although these are two traits inherent in the human demeanor. Superficially, people seem to have the interests of others as the primary motive for their actions; realistically though, these two qualities of the human psyche are the catalyst for most everyday activities. Visiting a salon, purchasing new clothes, or even a quick glance in the mirror are little things that one may do without another in mind, solely for the advancement of oneself. As much as people would not like to admit it, they hold themselves high above all others. Due to this pre-eminent belief in the individual, one may also perform activities which they know they are efficient in doing with the facade of trying to make themselves better. One such action is a visit to the local gym. In this act, people travel to th e gym to only revel in their own narcissism rather than to make themselves become a better person. Before the acts of people can be described in the gym, it is first necessary to examine the gym itself. The thing noticed first is the different equipment. From the free-weights to complicated devices with systems of pulleys and levers, there is a myriad of choices one may choose from. Here there is normally a division upon gender lines. Not wanting to look weak and frail, males normally chose the free-weights, which are more difficult to use. On the other hand, females usually prefer the machines that have primarily the same function but are seen to be easier because of their complicated mechanized organization. Due to this fact, males and females do not interact very much in this atmosphere. The gym is also equipped with machines such as electronic stepping machines and bicycles to enhance ones stamina. These seem to also be a favorite among f...

The Environmental Impact of Polyethylene Bags in Uganda Essay Example

The Environmental Impact of Polyethylene Bags in Uganda Essay Example The Environmental Impact of Polyethylene Bags in Uganda Paper The Environmental Impact of Polyethylene Bags in Uganda Paper Plastic have also posed danger to animal life in Uganda, fishing is one of the sources of income for most Uganda and plastic bags seems to affect the life of fish in the lakes which the people of Uganda earn a living and sometimes fish is exported to other countries, hence increasing foreign exchange and also providing employment to the citizens who may work in these fish factories around the country. (According to the ministry of land and fishing in Uganda report on the dangers of plastic to the industry 2007). Hence plastics bags are a big problem to the citizens of Uganda. Though the government have tried to ban the use, manufacture or distribution of plastic bags but in vain, non-profitable organizations (like the Greenwich), though by June 2007 the after the Greenwich filed its lawsuit against use of plastic bags, the government banned the use, distribution and manufacturing of plastic bags, but all was in vain to today(Monitor newspaper April 2009). Plastic bags less than 30 mirrors were banned but parliament didnt pass the law to implement the ban. Instead the manufacturers have increased the size of the plastic bags to 31 morons which is a big threat. Greenwich investigators June 2010). Suffocation , plastic bags not only cause life threat to animals in Uganda but also children who without supervision can easily suffocate on these plastic bags, some children play a lot where plastics bags are dumped ,(According to environmental law alliance cot 201 0),this is very threatening issue caused by the use of plastic bags and hence this should be approached by the government Of Uganda as a matter of urgency to protect its citizens. Laws should be put in place to ban the use ,distribution of plastic bags in Uganda as soon as possible. More so plastic bags have caused pollution to the environment in Uganda more than anything else, measures should be taken to end the use of plastic bags given the disadvantages they pose to the citizens of Uganda. Fumes, since plastic bags cant be destroyed the only way to get rid of them is by burning them which causes fumes to the environment which is a danger as while. (According to the environmental law alliance group of lancers June 2009). This causes to the degrading of the environment violating the rights of the citizens to live in a healthy environment free from pollution. Though the Uganda parliament tried to cut funds to the ministry of water and environment, if they didnt encourage the ban of plastic bags, but still no law was put in place to end the use of plastic bags. More so they have made the city to be more untidy than before so this should be attacked as a issue of urgency in Uganda. (ganglands daily newspaper article peg 6 Feb. 2010). In conclusion given the many dangers caused by the use ,distribution of plastic bags in Uganda, they should encourage proper use of plastic bags and recycling and the re-use of all plastics to protect the environment and the tizzies of Uganda. Therefore the government should pass a law to ban the use or distribution of plastics and encourage the use Of paper bags which are not a danger to environment and the citizens of Uganda. The government should also ban the manufacturing of these plastic bags and encourage the use of bags which are less than AD mirrors. Shopping bags should be encouraged too since you can reuse it as many times as you want unlike plastic bags, so I believe plastic bags should be banned in Uganda and be approached with such urgency for the wellbeing of the citizens of Uganda.

Taiwanese and American Art Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 11500 words

Taiwanese and American Art - Thesis Example Still, the Eastern art had a thoughtful impact on Western impressionists where the work was hailed as the ultimate performance art form by master dramatists (Hong 2005). A number of Western artists have expressed their fascination with the spirit of nature in Chinese paintings and how Chinese artists imprison it in a few strokes, thereby, making the blank space on a canvas as reminiscent as the painting itself (Hong 2005). The delineation of Chinese ink and wash landscapes held by this contemporary has caused a substantial blend within the capital's art circles. The last few decades have witnessed a blast in the ideas as well as the theories of art, for it has never been more popular, however, much present thinking remains out-of-the-way and difficult to use (Costello 2007). This thesis effectually delineates the Hybridity and association of the Eastern art with that of the West. The aim of this research is to investigate the similarities as well as differences between Western modernism and Taiwanese Ink and Wash painting, chiefly in their representations as well as the usage of pictorial space, time and color. ... This thesis effectually delineates the Hybridity and association of the Eastern art with that of the West. The aim of this research is to investigate the similarities as well as differences between Western modernism and Taiwanese Ink and Wash painting, chiefly in their representations as well as the usage of pictorial space, time and color. Abstract expressionism and surrealism play a significant role and the Traditional development of modern Ink and Wash painting during the period from 1949 to 2000. According to Bradley, Surrealism reflects the visual richness as well as vivacious confrontations in Documents between art, archaeology, ethnography and other popular culture (Bradley 1999). Moreover, it will focus upon some prominent Taiwanese modern Ink and Wash painters who were respectively influenced by the specific theories and figures of abstract expressionism as well as Surrealism. There have been examined several western methods and ideas which were adopted by the Taiwanese arti sts and their incorporation within the specific cultural contexts of the various schools of art that allow them to establish new, formal as well as stylistic innovations. These comparative perspectives will then be applied to Ink and wash modernists and the abstract expressionists with its leading representatives. 2. Introduction Ink and Wash painting is a genre of the conventional Chinese painting performed on Xuan paper in black with no other colors. Simple, yet elegant, it slowly and

Women in combat and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and Essay

Women in combat and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression - Essay Example Women hold important positions in the armed forces including military police, intelligence, as pilots, as physicians, as physiotherapist, for transportation, as mechanics, civil affairs etc. It is really pitiful that their efforts are undermined and are always treated as less victimized when compared with their male counterparts. They perform small but imperative jobs and their contribution cannot be diluted. Even though women are expelled from allocating in straight combat specialties encompassing infantry or armor, but they do endow with varied support as travelling outside military base, working with the combat soldiers, exposure to fire or victimized under any casualty (Hoge, 2007). Research findings reveal that there exist a gender difference if veterans are screened for depression, PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), pain, obesity etc (Haskell, 2010). Screening of veterans have been performed and it was instituted the prevalence of MST and depression amongst the female veter ans. Results disclose that almost 14% of the female veterans were positive for MST while half of the females (48%) were found to be the sufferers of severe depression, indicating that females are at double risk of depression irrespective of cultural or racial milieu or financial standing.

Pathophysiology of Huntington Disease

Pathophysiology of Huntington Disease George Huntington first described Huntington Disease in 1872 as coming on gradually but surely, increasing by degrees, and often occupying years in its development until the hapless sufferer is but a quivering wreck of his former self (Visser, 2010). Huntington disease is an inherited genetic disorder, which causes the progressive degeneration of selected nerve cells in the brain. This degeneration of nerve cells results in impairment of both mental capability and physical control which results in death (Visser, 2010). This essay will look at the pathophysiology of Huntington disease in relation to the possible signs and symptoms. While also identifying the risk factors and examining the relevant tests available with regards to screening, diagnosing and monitoring treatment within New Zealand. It will then further explore the treatment options available in New Zealand and treatment developments worldwide. Pathophysiology of Huntington disease in relation to signs and symptoms Huntington disease is caused by a genetic fault in a small section located on chromosome 4, which encodes a protein called Huntington (Porth, 2011). However, the function of the Huntington protein is still unknown, yet this protein appears to be important to neurons in the brain (Visser, 2010). This genetic fault results in a segment of DNA, known as a CAG trinucleotide repeat, this segment of DNA is made up of a series of DNA building blocks cytosine, adenine and guanine that appear multiple times in a row (Visser, 2010). The normal copy of this gene contains 6 to 35 copies of the trinucleotide repeat, compared to the faulty gene which contains 40 to 120 copies of the trinucleotide repeat resulting in this gene producing an expansion of Huntington’s gene (Porth, 2011). The larger number of trinucleotide repeats is generally associated with an earlier onset of Huntington’s’ disease. This is shown as adults with Huntington’s disease generally have 40-50 tri nucleotide repeats where people with the juvenile form of this disorder tend to have more than 50 trinucleotide repeats (Visser, 2010). Also, Visser (2010) suggests that due to the elongation of the CAG trinucleotide segment, the segment gains a toxic function that disrupts the normal function of neurons and eventually leads to the death of neurons. Cells are known as building blocks of life that use energy to carry out biological functions, while also producing oxidants that can potentially damage themselves; Yet, these cells can make such chemicals harmless (Visser, 2010). Current studies suggests that the protein Huntington somehow prevents the brain cells from protecting themselves against the toxic chemicals which results in Huntington’s disease causing the localized death of brain and spinal cord cells (Porth, 2011). Basal ganglia are the first neurons to be affected by Huntington disease; these neurons are associated with a variety of functions that modulate motor movements, emotions, cognitive and learning abilities (Porth, 2011). Therefore the deteriation of basal ganglia results in many symptoms which commonly occur around 35 and 55 years of age, however these symptoms will progressively get worse which results in the individual passing away in around 10-20 years (Porth, 2011). There are early signs and symptoms of Huntington disease which include uncontrolled muscular movements, memory problems and mood changes (Visser, 2010). Yet, these symptoms quickly develop into serious motor impairment conditions such as eye movement disorders, spasticity, dysphagia, dysarthria, myoclonus, and the main impairment chorea which involves rapid, jerking movements that the individual has no control over (Porth, 2011). As Huntington disease develops it results in a cognitive decline, mental slowing which is the inability to remember people and to make decisions for oneself (Porth, 2011). This can all eventually lead to dementia. There are many factors that influence behavioural symptoms which include stress about the disease, family relationships, and as the pathways through the basal ganglia become disconnected which results in a loss of frontal lobe functions (Visser, 2010). The major behavioural symptom is depression with 30% of individuals with Huntington disease exper iencing major depressive or dysthymic disorders and 6% resulting in suicide (Porth, 2011). Other behavioural symptoms such as personality changes results in the individual appearing to have no interest in life or the individual having increased anger and irritability which further links to impulsive actions and violence, these actions can cause stress in relationships between family members (Visser, 2010). Risk Factors of Huntington disease Everyone receives two copies of each gene which are singularly known as alleles, one from each parent, that are present in all cells of the body (Lemiere, 2004). Therefore most individuals are born with two normal copies of each allele (Lemiere, 2004). However in the case of hereditary disorders specifically Huntington’s disease, an individual is born with one normal gene and a gene defect which is called a mutation (Lemiere, 2004). Huntington disease has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern which means that a child of a parent who carries the mutation has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutation (Frank, 2014). If the child inherits the mutation the child will develop Huntington’s disease some point in the individual’s life, and can also pass it on to their children. But if the individual does not inherit the mutation then they cannot pass it on to their children (Frank, 2014). Yet, there are also rare cases where individuals develop Huntington’s disea se, without a family history of the condition (Visser, 2010). This generally happens because of a genetic mutation during the father’s sperm development (Visser, 2010). However, there is a process where fertilized embryos can be tested for Huntington’s disease prior to the embryos being implanted within a mother’s womb called pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (Christian, 2007). This technique allows the parent that carries the Huntington’s disease to avoid passing the genetic condition to their children (Christian, 2007). Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis is completed through in-vitro fertilization (IVF) where the mother’s egg is fertilized with the father’s sperm outside the body (Christian, 2007). The eggs then develop into embryos, after three days of being cultured in the laboratory the technique of embryo biopsy is performed, this test checks the embryo for the Huntington’s disease and therefore all the embryos are then implanted back into the mother (Christian, 2007). New Zealand has been ethically approved for pre-implantation genetic diagnosis however this is only under special circumstances (Chris tian, 2007). The government only funds pre-implantation genetic diagnosis for 40 couples a year with one single attempt at pregnancy; this funding includes all serious genetic conditions (Christian, 2007). Relevant diagnostic, screening and monitoring tests in New Zealand Genetic tests are an example of a diagnostic as it is a procedure performed that establishes if an individual has the presence or absence of Huntington’s disease (Lyon, 2013). Individuals that have symptomatic symptoms of Huntington’s disease may be recommended by health care professionals to undertake a genetic test for the faulty Huntington gene (Visser, 2010). However, there is also predictive DNA testing which is for asymptomatic individuals with a 50% chance of developing Huntington’s disease, these individuals are tested to see if they will be affected or not by the faulty gene in adulthood (Visser, 2010). Both of these genetic tests are accomplished in the same way and can be done in Auckland laboratory (Lyon, 2013). Genetic testing is done by DNA being extracted from the individual’s blood sample, and then the DNA being purified (Lyon, 2013). A technique called polymerase chain reaction is then implicated to locate the two Huntington genes, once fo und millions of exact copies are made for further analysis (Lyon, 2013). This further analysing is when the DNA is sorted by size to determine the number of CAG repeats in each gene. The three outcomes to the test are based on the CAG repeats (Lyon, 2013). If an individual receives a negative test it means the CAG repeat size is 30 or less and therefore the individual is not at risk of developing Huntingtons disease, but if an individual receives a positive test it means the CAG repeat size is 40 or more and the individual will develop Huntington’s disease generally in adulthood (Lyon, 2013). However if an individual receives uninformative it mean the CAG repeat is in the immediate range between 31-39 and is unclear if the individual will develop Huntington’s disease (Lyon, 2013). Other tests available are known as screening this is where a series of tests are used to predict the presence of disease in individuals at risk (Lemiere, 2004). These tests include neurological examinations, along with structural and functional imaging. Neurological examinations are performed by a neurologist, which intensively interviews an individual to obtain the medical history and rule out other possible medical conditions (Lemiere, 2004). Some key aspects neurologists use to identify Huntington’s disease include taking a family history as Huntington disease is an inherited disorder and taking note of reflexes, muscle strength and eye movements as some of the earliest manifestations of the disease are â€Å"subtle chorea, eye movement and fine motor abnormalities† (Lemiere, 2004). However, Lemiere (2004) suggests that the Huntington gene defect may influence brain function and behaviour during asymptomatic years, this research has been conducted using presymptomati c individuals who have a positive gene defect. These individuals had a volume reduction of â€Å"30.9% for the caudate, 29.3% for the globus pallidus and 25.7% for the putamen† (Lemiere, 2004) compared to individuals with a negative gene defect from offspring of Huntington disease patients (Lemiere, 2004). This research shows that the decline of basal ganglia occurs gradually before the onset of Huntington disease symptoms (Lemiere, 2004). Therefore healthcare professionals can use MRI and CT scans of the brain to help determine if patients have Huntington’s disease (Lemiere, 2004). The monitoring of treatment is extremely important in Huntington’s disease and dependently relies on the motor, behavioural and cognitive aspects of the individual (Frank, 2014). After the onset of Huntington disease the individuals’ functional abilities gradually worsen over time due to the Huntington gene mutation that causes a localized death of neurons which helped to regulate the motor movements, emotional and cognitive abilities (Frank, 2014). The loss of these abilities requires the individual to seek help for all activities of daily care, yet later in the disease the individual will be confined to a bed with the inability to speak (Frank, 2014). This gradual decline of the individuals’ condition makes it important for health care professional to monitor the individuals’ treatments and adjust the treatment accordingly to the disease progress (Frank, 2014). Further, the drugs used in treatment of Huntington’s disease has the potential to cause significant side effects that can worsen symptoms of the disease (Frank, 2014). Therefore it is critically important for health care professionals to monitor the risk- benefit ratio effect the treatment has on an individual (Frank, 2014). Treatment available in New Zealand and further treatment developments worldwide Currently, there is no cure for Huntington disease, but medications, psychotherapy, speech and physical therapy can be implemented to help minimize symptoms while also allowing the individual to adapt to their condition (Frank, 2014). Medications to help treat movement disorders in New Zealand include Xenazine this medication helps to suppress chorea, but has possible side effects of aggravating depression (Frank, 2014). Also, the use of certain antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol and clozapine can help alleviate choreic movements and further controlling hallucinations and violent outbursts, but the possible side effects can worsen dystonia and muscle rigidity (Frank, 2014). Due to the loss of frontal lobe functions as an effect of the disease, there needs to be increased psychiatric support for individuals with Huntington’s disease (Visser, 2010). This support can come from medications that support depression such as antidepressants which include fluoxetine, sertraline and esctislopram (Frank, 2014). This treatment of depression can further help to improve the symptoms of sleep disturbance, social withdrawal and lack of interest in general life (Frank, 2014). However, using antidepressants can include the side effects of insomnia, diarrhoea, nausea and sexual problems (Frank, 2014). Other medications to help individuals can be antipsychotic and mood stabilizing drugs which help to supress violent outbursts, highs and low mood swings, the common side effects of these medications include weight gain, tremor and gastrointestinal problems (Frank, 2014). Psychologists can provide talking therapy for an individual with Huntington disease, this therapy allows the individual to understanding the conditions effects, while further discussing the problems and feeling the individual has (Frank, 2014). Such problems the individual could be concerned about are talking, eating and swallowing this is because Huntington disease impairs the control of muscles of the mouth and throat (Frank, 2014). A speech therapist can address these issues and improve the individual’s ability of communication by implementation communication devices (Frank, 2014). Physical therapy is also an important part of Huntington disease as the exercises provide help improve strength, balance and coordination, which further results in the individual maintain mobility for as long as possible and minimizing the possible falls (Frank, 2014). Even though there is no treatment the research field is still dynamic there are a high number of on-going or recently completed studies in relation to Huntington disease (Frank, 2014). Also, in the USA there has been a break through approach called gene-silencing (Carrol, 2013). This approach relies on the fact that DNA is not directly copied from the protein, but is made up from a chemical RNA first; this RNA message is chopped up and thereby stops the cell making the Huntington protein (Carrol, 2013). Although this approach does not stop the individual from carrying the Huntington disease and, therefore the individual can still pass the gene on, this approach stops making the protein that attacks the brain cells (Carrol, 2013). Another breakthrough development happened in the UK this is of a tool called CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) that targets and cuts out specific small pieces of RNA (Carrol, 2013). This tool is used in the approach genome ed iting. This approach is different to gene silencing as it corrects the defect, which results in the individual not having the genetic defect and therefore produce babies without Huntington disease (Carrol, 2013).

Computerized Manufacturing :: essays research papers fc

Computerized Manufacturing Systems Historical manufacturing and accounting management systems did not provide data for effective development of a production schedule or supply chain management. (6) Companies did not have the ability to measure inventory, workflow process, labor and production efficiently or accurately. With the progression of automation and the revolution of the desktop computer accompanied by developing software companies are now able to use computerized manufacturing systems to record and maintain accurate data and management all aspects of the accounting and manufacturing process. (2) This paper will discuss the development of automation and computerized manufacturing systems and specifically the ERP solution. Manufacturing systems were initially managed by abstract calculations or simulators designed to produce theoretical results and measure manufacturing schedules. These methods were very time consuming and cost effective. The job of a manufacturing organization was broken down into various development phases. (1) These phases include the following: Table (1): Operation: The task to be performed in the manufacturing job shop Processing Time: The amount of time required to process the operation (in most cases sets up times are independent of operation relations and are included in processing time) Job: The set of operations that are interrelated by procedure constraints derived from technological restrictions. Machine: The piece of equipment (a device or a facility) capable of performing an operation. Release Time: The time in which the job is released to the shop floor, it is the earliest time at which the first operation of the job can begin processing. Due Date: The time by which the last operation of the job should be completed. Completion Time: The time at which processing of the last operation of the job is complete. Schedule: Specification of execution of each operation on a particular machine at a specific time. A feasible schedule is a schedule that observes all problem constraints. These phases would usually be done manually and line managers would measure the process.(1) These measurements would be dependent on variable for example, sick time, employee production and employee motivation.(1) Although these steps are similar today these variables have been greatly removed from the manufacturing process through automation and more efficient production data and scheduling tools available.(1) Another method for developing manufacturing schedules was through the use of simulators. One of the original programming languages, "Fortran" was used as a tool for planning departments.(5) The planning team would use Fortran to construct simulation models for various industries, however one of the primary uses for these models was in manufacturing and process control.

No Man’s Land Essay

I tiptoe through the night, scared for even my sweat to make the slightest noise as it drips off my face and onto the ground. I am not thinking of anything at the moment but my survival and how my life will be once I am free of the Soviet grip around my wrists. My heart feels like it is breaking through my ribs and protruding out of my chest with every breath I take as I run faster and faster towards the barrier that has incarcerated me over the years. As I throw myself over the eleven-foot concrete wall with barbed wire at the top, I can hear gunshots all around, and I pray they are not intended for me. I hit the cold, hard ground on the other side, but I am not even close to being safe any time soon. I am in no mans land now. I would be better off asking for someone to shoot me than to make it out of here alive. I have only one chance. At least that is how I imagined it would have been like if I were in trapped in the tribulations of East Berlin trying to escape into the desired West Berlin between 1961 and 1989. However, it is a gray December day in 2004, and if it weren’t for remains of the Iron Curtain and Checkpoint Charlie, people would not be able to relive that part of history or be reminded of the dictator that destroyed so many lives. The temperature was eight degrees Celsius as the gloomy sky attempted to cough up snow onto Berlin. Before that moment I had only heard of the Berlin Wall through history books and stories. I would sit and listen to travelers tales told by my courageous father who had walked through Checkpoint Charlie and into East Berlin in seventy-five. He told me how he had to exchange West Berlin money into East Berlin money at Checkpoint Charlie before entering East Berlin. Then going back into West Berlin he had to drop it in a rusty tin can at Check Point Charlie because you were not allowed to keep East Berlin money. He witnessed two tourists getting assaulted by the guards for trying to smuggle East Berlin money into West Berlin. My only expectations of Berlin came from the adventures of my dad. I expected Checkpoint Charlie to be a barricade miles long with tollbooths that have the arms that swing up and down. Similar to the tollbooths that run across the freeways of really large cities, or at the airports you go through after short-term parking. Once you pass through the chomping arms of the tollbooths I imagined East Berlin to be scattered with desolate buildings and run down streets. But as I approached the once controlling wall and Checkpoint Charlie I realized nothing was as I imagined it at all. It was like walking down any other street in a big city. A few people who were always pushing their way through the gaps that opened up between the wandering men and women, obviously in more of a hurry than anyone else on the street. Christmas lights clung to the tall buildings that ran down the streets of Berlin. People popped in and out of the busy stores, squeezing their last bit of Christmas shopping in before the Holiday. Suddenly the bustle of people slowed like a murmur in time as I stood right before the Berlin Wall and Checkpoint Charlie which are now surrounded by the commercial buildings of downtown Berlin. My gaze dropped to an engraved brick in the ground that now serves as a commemorative plaque for the Berlin Wall. A chill ran from the tip of my toes all the way to the ends of my hair as I realized how lucky I was to be standing right there in no mans land. I can now speak of the Berlin Wall, not as hearsay from a history book, but as a memory. No mans land, a memorial now, is where 171 people who attempted to escape into West Berlin were shot, and left to bleed to death like a deer on the side of the road. This area contained walls on either side with mines and stern East Berlin guards to make it almost impossible to escape. As I stood in the middle of no mans land facing East Berlin, I looked over my left and my right shoulders only to see black, wooden crosses a little taller than I am. The crosses looked as if snow had only given them the pleasure of its company and nothing else around them, when really it was just white sand covering the ground. I took a deep breath in as if I was trying to swallow it into my memory, making sure to keep it forever. I am motionless. Where the median strip of the road would have been, an American soldier’s somber picture was enlarged and hoisted up on a pole staring out towards West Berlin. On the opposite side was a Russian Soldier keeping close watch over East Berlin. Below the soldiers’ pictures was Checkpoint Charlie. Wilted flowers surrounded this one room shack that once controlled the passage of people from East to West Berlin. Now it also stands as a memorial for people who died crossing over into West Berlin. On either side of me, there were remains of the wall still standing. I got an eerie feeling as I stared at them. My sense of time was completely altered. There I stood at one of the most historical sites imagining what it would have been like to be boxed in by a concrete wall that was suffocating you more and more each day. But when I looked around I was in the middle of one of the largest cities in Germany. It was like time slowed when I was walking through no mans land, but everything else around no mans land and Checkpoint Charlie was full of life. I was in my own little bubble. I walked about a block and returned to the normal noises and the packed sidewalks of what use to be the Soviet controlled East Berlin. My view of Berlin has been altered for the better, with a greater understanding of the saying â€Å"seeing is believing.†

Criminal Gangs A Qualitative Research - 2461 Words

Experiment Gangs Abstract Criminal gangs are there to rule, they have been there in every community for a long time. Gangs intentions are to commit crimes. Gang leaders oversee extortion, order killings or smuggle drugs. This paper studies gang formation, why individuals join gangs and the negative influence gangs have to the society and the economy. The study focuses on some of the prominent gangs in the world today; it explains the activities of the Russian mafia and other gangs. This paper explains power struggles within gangs and gives out recommendations to solve problems associated with gang operations. This paper puts into perspective a study on factors influencing gang membership; the study employs personal interviews as a method, causal research design and ordinal scale of measurement. Prisoners in California state prison are the sample population. Structured proxy question are used, and observation to study an individuals race. The study focuses male prison gang members. Findings from the study indi cate that the less educated an individual is the likely for one join a gang, from the study it is evident that gang members feel disregarded when formulating policies, it is clear that race is not a factor to gang membership and that most of the gang members come from dysfunctional families. Introduction A gang is a group of individuals closely associated. This group is in the form of an organization whose members report to a leader who controls activities withinShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Law Enforcement in Curbing Gang Violence1041 Words   |  4 PagesBackground: Most research shows that the public believes that law enforcements major goal in many urban and suburban areas is to prevent gang activity. Gang activity is certainly not a new phenomenon, but has been part of human history since Ancient Times (Rome, Greece, the Middle Ages, etc.). 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